Order Perspectives on Individual Differences

Order Perspectives on Individual Differences
Order Perspectives on Individual Differences
1. An organism’s entire genetic inheritance is referred to as its
(A) gamete
(B) genome
(C) zygote
(D) genotype
2. Monozygotic twins are also known as
(A) half-siblings
(B) identical twins
(C) phenotypical twins
(D) fraternal twins
3. Marsha has twins, a boy and a girl. The twins are
(A) half-siblings
(B) identical twins
(C) phenotypical twins
(D) dizygotic twins
79. In genetic terms, if you are a “carrier” it means you have
(A) recessive genes in your genotype that are not expressed
(B) dominant genes in your phenotype that are expressed
(C) dominant genes in your phenotype that are not expressed
(D) dominant genes in your genotype that are expressed
80. When considering the influence of genes on behaviors, disorders, and diseases, it is important to remember that
(A) heritability dominates environmental influences
(B) genes are not destiny
(C) genes determine behaviors
(D) DNA determines outcomes
20 › MHE 500 MCAT: Behavioral Sciences
81. The twenty-third chromosome pair determines
(A) genotype
(B) phenotype
(C) gender
(D) eye color
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
82. A characteristic that is determined by many genes is called ______; one
that is the result of the interaction of many genetic and environmental factors is called ______.
83. The _____________ questions the degree to which environment and
heredity influence human behaviors.
84. Examining genetic markers associated with expression of diseases such as
breast cancer is the type of research conducted by the _______________.
85. Each cell of the human body contains ____ chromosomes, except for the
reproductive cells, which contain ______ chromosomes.
86. __________________ contains the genes responsible for passing on
heredity, or expressing a particular trait or characteristic.
87. The human genome is the complete set of molecular instructions to create
a human life form, and each person (except identical twins) has a unique
______________.
88. The role of the proteins of DNA is to combine and form the building
blocks of ___________.
89. The visible characteristic of gene expression is called the
_______________.
Short-Answer Questions
90. Describe the relationship between an individual’s genotype and phenotype.
91. Explain the difference between a dominant and a recessive gene on the
phenotype.
Nature versus Nurture: Perspectives on Individual Differences ‹ 21
92. Jason and Tiffany, the proud parents of Matthew, were surprised that Matthew has blue eyes, because both of them and both sets of grandparents
have brown eyes. Explain how Matt could have blue eyes when both of his
parents and his grandparents have brown eyes.
93. Bryan and Ryan are 17-year-old identical twins. Ryan has recently discovered he has a strong interest and clear talent for playing soccer. Bryan finds
soccer too challenging and is more interested in creative dance. Both twins
are pursuing their interest while in high school and are planning to continue doing so when they begin college after graduation. How can genetics
explain the similarities and differences in their talents?
94. Explain why recessive genetic disorders outnumber dominant disorders.
Give an example.
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